Otras adicciones: vigorexia

LA ALEGRIA DE VIVIR

Por OMAR CERVANTES RODRIGUEZ

En atención a los lectores que nos han pedido que hablemos de las otras adicciones diferentes a las de consumo de sustancias, videojuegos y apuestas, que se han abordado con amplitud en estos espacios, comenzaremos una serie que abordará las denominadas conductas adictivas.

Tomaremos una definición que nos parece muy didáctica de la Cruz Roja internacional que dice que se entiende por ellas, los comportamientos que provocan la necesidad imperiosa de ser repetidos, a pesar del evidente daño psíquico o físico que genera en la persona, así como en su entorno.

Una característica común y central en las adicciones conductuales es la pérdida de control, con el riesgo de que esa conducta repetida le produzca dependencia, tolerancia, síndrome de abstinencia y una incidencia muy negativa con daños directos y colaterales a la persona, a su familia y en su ambiente cercano.

Aunque muchas de ellas no son consideradas propiamente una adicción por los manuales de psiquiatría que consideran que no existe evidencia científica suficiente que las soporte, es una realidad que estas conductas están creciendo y causando muchos daños y consecuencias de todo tipo, aún y cuando muchas de ellas son saludables cuando se realizan sin llegar al extremo y a la dependencia.

Tal es caso del deporte o la actividad física que, por sí misma representa una de las conductas saludables en cualquier plan de bienestar integral, por lo que existe una mala información de lo que en las conductas obsesivo-compulsivas o adicciones conductuales se conoce como vigorexia.

En el mundo cotidiano se cree que vigorexia es el abuso del ejercicio físico, lo cual no es del todo real y por sí misma una actividad física intensa no necesariamente significa una adicción o una conducta patológica, ya que existen atletas de alto rendimiento (incluso amateurs) o deportistas profesionales que están sometidos a horas y horas de entrenamientos, lo cual bajo ningún concepto se considera una conducta disfuncional.

Al igual que todas las adicciones, para que sea considerada como tal, deben existir daños y consecuencias negativas a causa de ellas, por lo cual no es una cuestión ni de tiempo, ni de frecuencia, ni de cantidad.

En el caso de la vigorexia existen otros factores que la definen como la falta de aceptación permanente al cuerpo de la persona (dismorfia corporal), una insatisfacción permanente por la figura física a pesar de todos los esfuerzos por mejorarla, uso de sustancias exógenas como hormonas o esteroides para incrementar la capacidad metabólica del individuo, rasgos mentales afectados que hacen que la persona modifique sus hábitos alimentarios permanentemente para buscar obtener una mejor forma y condición corporal, una autoestima baja que se esconde detrás de la obsesión de construir su cuerpo y, mucha inseguridad emocional.

Igual que todas las adicciones, tiene tratamiento y básicamente consiste en modificar conductas y lograr una aceptación de su cuerpo y su identidad como persona.

 ocr@laalegriadevivirsinadicciones.com

Fuente: MILENIO DIARIO PUEBLA

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